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\begin{document}

\title{A Force-Restore Model of Snow Surface Temperature}



\author[1]{Weiqiang Jing}%
\author[1]{Jingfeng Wang}%
\affil[1]{Georgia Institute of Technology}%


\vspace{-1em}



  
  \date{June 14, 2024}


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\begin{abstract}
A new dynamic model of snow surface temperature known as force-restore
model (FRM) is formulated for one-dimensional heat transfer taking into
account of the absorption of solar radiation within snowpack. The FRM
formula explicitly includes net solar radiation at snow surface and its
time derivative compared to the classical FRM of soil surface
temperature. When snow surface heat flux is parameterized in terms of
snow surface temperature and radiation fluxes, the FRM only uses surface
radiation fluxes as the model input. The proposed FRM not only simulates
snow surface temperature but also latent (sublimation), sensible and
(conductive) snow surface heat flux. The proposed FRM has been validated
using in-situ observations for seasonal and perennial snow in the Arctic
and Antarctica.%
\end{abstract}%



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