A Dynamic Pathway by which Northern Hemisphere Extratropical Cooling
Elicits a Tropical Response
Abstract
Previous studies have found that Northern Hemisphere aerosol-like
cooling induces a La Nina-like quasi-equilibrium response in the
tropical Indo-Pacific. Here, we explore a coupled atmosphere-ocean
feedback pathway by which this response is communicated. We override
ocean surface wind stress in a comprehensive climate model to decompose
the total ocean-atmosphere response to forced extratropical cooling into
the response of surface buoyancy forcing alone and surface momentum
forcing alone. In the subtropics, the buoyancy-forced response
dominates: the positive low cloud feedback amplifies sea surface
temperature (SST) anomalies which are then communicated to the tropics
via wind-driven evaporative cooling. In the deep tropics, the
momentum-driven Bjerknes feedback creates zonally asymmetric SST
patterns in the Indian and Pacific basins. Although subtropical cloud
feedbacks are model-dependent, our results suggest this feedback pathway
is robust across a suite of models such that models with a stronger
subtropical low cloud response exhibit a stronger La Nina response.