Abstract
Utilizing existing telecommunication cables for Distributed Acoustic
Sensing (DAS) experiments has eased the collection of seismological data
in previously difficult-to-access areas such as the ocean bottom. To
assess the potential of submarine DAS for monitoring seismic activity,
we conducted an experiment from mid-October to mid-December 2021 using a
45 km long dark fiber extending from the Greek island of Santorini along
the ocean bottom to the neighboring island of Ios. This region is of
great geophysical and public interest because of its historical and
recent seismic and volcanic activity, especially along the Kolumbo
volcanic chain. Besides recording anthropogenic noise and around 1000
seismic events, we observe the primary and secondary microseisms in the
submarine section, the latter inducing Scholte waves in a sediment layer
where the cable is well-coupled. By using the spectral element wave
propagation solver Salvus, we compute synthetic strains for earthquakes
with varying degrees of model complexity. Despite including topography,
a water layer, and a heterogeneous velocity model, we are unable to
reproduce the lack of coherence in our observed earthquake waveforms.
Backpropagation simulations for four observed earthquakes indicate that
clear convergence of the wavefield, and thus the ability to constrain a
source region, is only possible when all model complexities are
considered. We conclude that, despite the promising emergence of DAS,
monitoring capabilities are limited by often unfavorable cable
geometries, cable coupling, and the complexity of the medium.
Interrogating multiple cables simultaneously or jointly analyzing DAS
and seismometer data could help improve future monitoring experiments.