The large-volume lithospheric mantle xenoliths around the Damaping area provides valuable insights into the detailed destruction progression of the North China Craton (NCC). This paper presents a quantitative analysis of the microstructural and seismic properties of oriented mantle xenoliths (with distinct foliation and lineation). The selected peridotites have either coarse-grained (CG) or coarse-grained and elongated (CGE) textures. The olivine crystallographic preferred orientations (CPOs) are predominantly B-type in CG samples and AG-type in CGE samples, with all xenoliths have girdled olivine [100] and [001] characteristics. Analysis of crystallographic vorticity axis (CVA) projections indicates that the majority of Damaping xenoliths have CVA maxima (sub)parallel to the lineation. These microstructure characteristics suggest that B-type CPOs were formed before the onset of pure shear-based transpression, which significantly influenced the lithospheric mantle evolution. The upwelling asthenosphere beneath Eastern Block of the NCC not only delaminated its lithospheric mantle but also experienced rollback and flowed along the NWW-SEE direction. This progression likely serves as the primary driving force of transpression. If foliation were vertical and lineation were horizontal, the valid S-wave anisotropies range is 5-12%. All selected samples are spinel facies, resulting in a maximum in-situ depth of 90 km, and the calculated SKS splitting delay times (0.5-1.3 s) align with previous seismological observations. The SKS direction in the research area is predominantly oriented perpendicular (NNE-SSW) to the flow direction of nearby asthenosphere. These characteristics are likely attributed to transpression. Therefore, the “fossil” anisotropy may have developed after the cessation of transpression.

In order to study the subduction and modification patterns beneath the middle part of the Solonker-Xar Moron-Changchun-Yanji Suture, a 160-km-long deep seismic reflection profile was conducted from Naiman to Ar Horqin Banner, Inner Mongolia. As a result, the profile presents the reflection characteristics of “longitudinal stratification and transverse partitioning”, the most distinguished features are large area of south dipping reflections along with a set of “crocodile-like reflection” identified beneath the middle part of the profile, which are considered to be key seismological evidences for the stages of southward oceanic subduction and continental collision occurred between the Songliao-Xilinhot Massif and the North China Craton. The former had a width of dozens of kilometers but the latter had a much smaller scale, which may represent the unique characteristic of “soft collision orogeny” in NE China. Meanwhile, some reflection patterns are identified to represent the extensional structures formed after the closure of the ancient ocean, such as reflections from Mesozoic sediments and faults, as well as the relatively flat reflection Moho which cuts off the oblique reflections from lower crust. Some blank reflections and near horizontal strong reflection clusters in the crust are also identified, which may be the reaction of magmatic activities after the blocks were assembled. This study provides a new perspective for revealing the pattern of continental proliferative orogeny and superimposed reconstruction in the eastern part of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt, as well as discussing the structural background of large area magmatic activities in this area.