The M7 Samos 2020 earthquake: a snapshot of transtension within the
Samos - Ikaria Basins
Abstract
The October 30, 2020, Mw7 Samos earthquake ruptured a north-dipping
offshore normal fault, bounding the homonymous basin. Genetically is
related to the rapid southward motion of the Aegean, contributing to
significant extension and the development of active graben structures
within a dextral shear zone. It will be recalled as among the deadliest
(118 fatalities) that affected the Greece-Turkey cross border region,
generated a strong tsunami, and caused a co-seismic uplift of 20 to 35
cm of the NW part of the Samos Island. Using broadband, strong-motion
and geodetic data, we constrain the location and source geometry of the
mainshock. A multiple-point source model suggests three sequential
subevents providing 20 s of source duration. Our finite-fault kinematic
model confirms the prevalence of large slip amplitudes
(~2.4 m) along the entire ruptured area and the up-dip
and westward rupture propagation. This directivity is independently
confirmed by Apparent Source Time Functions inferred from regional
recordings using a herein developed empirical Green’s function method.
Static GNSS displacements from inland stations yield a near-surface
co-seismic slip of ~1 m amplitude, breaking the sea
bottom and contributing to any interpretation of the observed island
uplift. The 2020 Samos event dramatically showed that in the spatially
heterogeneous oblique transtentional regions in the back-arc Aegean
region, normal faults bounding the basins are capable to rupture in M7
earthquakes, provoke tsunami generation, and constitute a constant
threat for the nearby coastal areas of both Greece and Turkey.