Statistical study of the evolutionary stage of the Kelvin-Helmholtz
vortices in MMS observations
Abstract
We introduce the mixing parameter to analyze the
\textit{in situ} measurements of a Kelvin-Helmholtz
event observed by the Magnetospheric Multiscale mission. We define the
mixing parameter, for both ions and electrons, using the well distinct
particle energies which characterize the magnetosphere and magnetosheath
plasmas. This parameter nicely identifies the different populations
which are interacting at the Earth’s magnetopause and the boundaries of
Kelvin-Helmholtz vortices. Thus, we analyze the crossing of each
structure into a parameter-space defined as the space of the electron
mixing versus the ion mixing, where specific shapes occur according to
the evolutionary phase of the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability. All along
the event, we observe three different types of shapes, namely a straight
line, a simple loop, and a complex loop, which likely correspond to
surface waves, vortices in the early nonlinear phase and rolled-up
vortices in the fully nonlinear stage, respectively. The most complex
shape (rolled-up vortex) is observed only at the end of the interval,
owing to a fast growth of the instability which is connected to
variations of the solar wind magnetic field orientation.