Aerosol characterization of the stratospheric plume from the volcanic
eruption at Hunga Tonga January 15th 2022
Abstract
Following the Hunga Tonga eruption (20.6°S, 175.4°W, mid-January 2022),
we present a balloon-borne characterization of the stratospheric aerosol
plume one week after its injection (on 23 and 26/01/2022, La Réunion
island at 21.1°S, 55.3°E). Satellite observations show that flight #1
took place during the overpass of a denser plume of sulfate aerosols
(SA) compared to a more diluted plume during flight #2. Observations
show that the sampled plumes (at around 22, 25 and 19 km altitude,
respectively) consist exclusively of very small particles (with radius
< 1 µm). Particles with radii between 0.5 and 1.0 µm show
optically transparent features pointing to predominant SA. Particles
with radii below 0.5 µm are partly absorbing, which could point to small
sulfate coated ash particles, a feature not identified with space-borne
observations. This shows that in situ observations are necessary to
fully characterize the microphysical properties of the plumes tracked by
space-borne instruments.