After days of intense solar activity, active region AR3664 launched seven CMEs towards Earth producing an extreme G5 geomagnetic storm commencing at 16:45 UT on Saturday May 10, 2024. The storm impacted power grids, disrupted precision navigational systems used by farming equipment, and generated aurora seen around the globe. The storm produced remarkable effects on composition, temperature, and dynamics in the Earth’s thermosphere that were observed by NASA’s Global-scale Observations of the Limb and Disk (GOLD) mission and are reported here for the first time. We use synoptic disk images of ΣO/N2 and neutral temperature (at ~160 km) measured by GOLD to directly link dynamics resulting from the storm with dramatic changes in thermospheric composition and temperature. We observe an apparent rotation simultaneously in ΣO/N2, neutral temperature, and total electron content. Equator-to-pole temperature differences reach 400 K with peak neutral temperatures near 160 km exceeding 1400 K at high latitudes.