Abstract
The presence of smectite is critical for weakening the frictional
strength of natural faults. The friction coefficient of smectite changes
depending on water presence, chemical composition, and preferred
orientation. These various factors determine the frictional properties
of smectite in a complex manner, and it is difficult to understand the
synergistic effects on friction. Here, we examine the synergistic effect
of preferred orientation, high affinity of clays to water, and water
lubrication. Highly preferentially oriented montmorillonite was prepared
as self-supporting sheets, which were dried at temperatures of 70–200°C
for 12 h before conducting shear experiments. The humidity-controlled
double direct-shear tests of these sheets and powdered montmorillonite
were conducted at room temperature under an applied normal stress from 5
to 40 MPa. No effect of drying temperature was observed for the friction
coefficients of the powdered gouges, while those of the oriented sheets
increased with increasing drying temperature. The slow dehydration of
water in the oriented samples was confirmed by
thermogravimetry-differential thermal analysis. These results indicate
that the preferred orientation of smectite reduces the frictional
strength by water lubrication without increasing the pore pressure.
Water supplied from the ground and sea during sedimentation enhances the
lubrication of oriented smectite at relatively shallow depths and
approximately 200°C. The presence of oriented smectite on the subducting
plate can hold more water than estimated using smectite powder, and this
water in smectite may deepen the updip seismogenic zone boundary by
water lubrication.