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MAGMA: Machine learning Automatic picker for Geothermal Microseismicity Analysis for practical procedure to reveal fine reservoir structures
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  • Kyosuke Okamoto,
  • Yusuke Mukuhira,
  • Hiroshi Asanuma,
  • Hirokazu Moriya,
  • Häring Markus
Kyosuke Okamoto
National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology

Corresponding Author:[email protected]

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Yusuke Mukuhira
Tohoku University
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Hiroshi Asanuma
National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)
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Hirokazu Moriya
Tohoku University
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Häring Markus
Häring GeoProject
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Abstract

In geothermal development, microseismic monitoring is important technique to monitor the various phenomena in the reservoirs throughout location, activity, and magnitude of microseismicity. Picking P- and S- wave arrivals accurately from seismic data is inevitable process for subsequent seismic analyses. However, the manual phase picking is a time- and cost-consuming process and several automatic pickers still requires considerable quality checks and corrections by human analysts. Automatic pickers based on deep learning have recently been developed for natural earthquake analysis, whose accuracy has been confirmed to be comparable to that of human analysts. These phase pickers were mainly trained using natural earthquakes recorded by regional seismic networks. However, seismic networks and events in geothermal fields have features that differ from those of natural earthquakes. In such fields, seismic events with very low magnitudes occur immediately under the seismic network and are sometimes triggered by fluid activity. Therefore, the direct application of the existing deep learning phase pickers to such seismic networks may have difficulty. Here, we focus on developing a deep learning model specialized for local seismic networks in geothermal fields. We used microseismic data from four representative enhanced geothermal and hydrothermal fields and trained the model with deep learning. Based on the developed model, the hypocenter distribution was determined using continuous seismic waves in the Okuaizu geothermal field, Japan. These procedures were performed automatically without manual operations and we propose them as MAGMA: Machine learning Automatic picker for Geothermal Microseismicity Analysis. Subsurface fine structures were then revealed by relocating the hypocenters using a double-difference algorithm. The same procedures for the same data were then conducted using a deep learning model that trained by other field data, and the equivalent structures were successfully reveled. Thus, MAGMA is applicable to new fields even when data is lacking, such as green fields.