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\begin{document}

\title{The Episodically Buckling and Collapsing Continental Crust in Subduction
Zones}



\author[1]{Jyoti Behura}%
\author[2]{Shayan Mehrani}%
\author[3]{Farnoush Forghani}%
\affil[1]{Seismic Science LLC}%
\affil[2]{Colorado School of Mines}%
\affil[3]{University of Colorado}%


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  \date{May 25, 2024}


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\begin{abstract}
We discover a remarkable correlation between the inter-tremor time
interval and the slenderness ratio of the overriding plate in subduction
zones all over the world. In order to understand this phenomenon better,
we perform numerical simulations of 3D deformation. The numerical
buckling studies show that critical load and slenderness ratio indeed
have an inverse nonlinear relation between them -- identical to the
classical Euler's critical load relation, and closely resemble the
relationship observed between the inter-tremor time interval and the
slenderness ratio of the overriding plate. From the above analysis, we
conclude that the observed relation is the result of buckling of the
overriding continental plate. In addition to the above numerical
analysis, we analyze the surficial 3D spatio-temporal displacements of
the overriding plates in Cascadia and Alaska using 3-component GPS data.
We find that these deformations are consistent with the buckling of the
overriding continental crust. Based on these novel observations and
guided by numerous existing scientific observations and findings, we
propose an Episodic Buckling and Collapse model of subduction zones,
wherein periodic geodetic changes and tectonic-tremor activity, result
from the episodic buckling of the overriding continental crust and its
rapid collapse on the subducting oceanic slab. According to this model,
geodetic measurements, previously inferred as slow slip, are the
surficial expressions of slowly-evolving buckling and rapid collapse of
the overriding plate, while tremor swarms result from the striking of
the collapsing overriding plate on the subducting slab (as opposed to
slipping or shearing).%
\end{abstract}%



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