COVID-19 caused an historic collapse in fossil fuel demand, a general decline in economic activity and hydrocarbon price volatility. This resulted in an unprecedent scenario to evaluate the contribution of the oil and gas industry (O&G) to methane (CH₄) and nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) emissions in the Permian basin (U.S.), currently the second largest hydrocarbon-bearing area on Earth. TROPOMI (Tropospheric Monitoring Instrument), on board the Sentinel-5P satellite, has captured the impact of the oil and gas industry during the COVID-19 lockdown. Production and drilling declined (13 % and 68 % respectively) during the lockdown, causing a generalized drop (~30 %) of NO₂emissions derived using the divergence method in comparison with 2019. NO₂ tropospheric columns were less impacted with a smaller decrease (~4 %) across the basins. On the other hand, the impact of the lockdown in methane (increase of 0.1 % to 0.3 % across the basins) was not as evident as in the NO2, because of the large background cause by the long lifetime (12 years), the variability of the meteorology, and the limited temporal sampling due to the strict thresholds of the retrieval algorithm. This study demonstrates that the impact of the COVID-19 lockdown on NO₂ and CH₄emissions was not only present in urban areas but also in vast O&G production regions, which shows the potential of TROPOMI to assess future pollution mitigation strategies for this industry.