Seismogenic Inversion Layer: Depth-dependent Slow Earthquakes Controlled
by Temperature Dependence of Brittle-ductile Transitional Rheology
Abstract
The discovery of slow earthquakes illuminates the existence of a strange
depth dependence of seismogenesis, which contradicts the common
understanding of smooth brittle/seismic-ductile/aseismic transition as
going deeper into the Earth’s surface layers. However, within the
transitional layer on plate interfaces, observations have clarified slip
velocities of slow earthquakes changing from those slower to faster with
increasing depth, as described by the “seismogenic inversion layer.”
We propose a new mechanical model that can consistently explain the
classic brittle-ductile transition and this inversion phenomenon by
considering the heterogeneous fault zone composed of brittle blocks in
the ductile matrix. The key mechanism is the interplay between the
volumetric fraction of brittle blocks and the viscosity of the
surrounding plastically deformed matrix, where the former and the latter
decrease with increasing temperature. This model is extended to
shallow-slow earthquakes. Our results open a new pathway to infer the
deformation mechanisms underlying slow earthquakes.