Analysing Spatio-temporal change in LST over 11 Smart Cities of Uttar
Pradesh, India
Abstract
Multiplicity of open source remote sensing date platforms help in
bringing various opportunities. Spatio-temporal analysis ofa region can
help in analysing changes in regional climate over different constituent
land use/land cover (LU/LC). This studyderives a pattern of Land Surface
Temperature (LST) over a period of 10 years in 11 smart cities of Uttar
Pradesh using opensource data and software programs only. Smart cities
namely Agra, Aligarh, Bareilly, Jhansi, Kanpur, Lucknow,
Moradabad,Prayagraj, Rampur, Saharanpur and Varanasi are studied for LST
in year 2010, 2015 and 2019 by using data from BHUVAN,NRSC and
Copernicus Global Land Service: Land Cover (CGLS: LC-100) products.
Boundary of the smart cities aredigitized form maps of various local
authorities. Land use maps are obtained as Annual Landuse Land Cover
250k scaleproducts for year 2010 & 2015 from BHUVAN, NRSC but CGLS:
LC-100 products are of resolution 100 m for year 2019.Both the Land use
products are having 12 classes in region of smart cities which are
reclassified into 5 LU classes of Built-up, Vegetation, Crop land,
Barren land and Water. USGS Earth Explore is used to generate LST for
year 2010 throughLandsat-5 ETM images by At-Surface Brightness
Temperature & for year 2015 and 2019 through Landsat-8 TIRS bandimages
by Radiative Transfer equation. Analysis of LST over years and LU
classes show that smart cities of Aligarh andJhansi are dominantly warm
over other smart cities of Uttar Pradesh. Capital city of Lucknow and
Moradabad smart city arerelatively cooler than other smart cities.
Rampur and Jhansi are having the lowest and highest standard deviation
in LSTrespectively. Difference in LST over smart cities can be in range
of 10-15 °C. Barren Land in these smart cities is found to behotter than
Built-up land use class and vegetation is having lowest LST in all 11
smart cities. Range between LST values indifferent years over different
LU classes vary between 28-35 °C. In Year 2019 LST statistics seem to be
cooled down afteryear 2015 being worst in terms of LST range, maximum
value and standard deviation of 6.12 °C. Percentage of vegetationhelping
in reducing LST is surely a motivation to apply concept of Urban Green
Space (UGS) in these 11 smart cities.