Satellites capture soil moisture dynamics deeper than a few centimeters
and are relevant to plant water uptake
Abstract
A common viewpoint across the Earth science community is that global
soil moisture estimates from satellite L-band (1.4 GHz) measurements
represent moisture only in the shallow soil layers (0-5 cm) and are of
limited value for studying global terrestrial ecosystems because plants
use water from deeper rootzones. Here, we argue that such a viewpoint is
flawed for two reasons. First, microwave soil emission theory and
statistical considerations of vertically correlated soil moisture
information together indicate that L-band measurements are typically
representative of soil moisture within at least the top 15-25 cm, or 3-5
times deeper than commonly thought. Second, in reviewing isotopic tracer
field studies of plant water uptake, we find a global prevalence of
vegetation that primarily draws moisture from these upper soil layers.
This is especially true for grasslands and croplands covering more than
a third of global vegetated surfaces. While shrub and tree species tend
to draw deeper soil moisture, these plants often still preferentially or
seasonally draw water from the upper soil layers. Therefore, L-band
satellite soil moisture estimates are more relevant to global vegetation
water uptake than commonly appreciated, and we encourage their
application across terrestrial hydrosphere and biosphere studies.