Abstract
Probability allows predicting the most and least probable outcomes.
However, the probability of an outcome is affected by the physical
quantities that describe the universe. The certainty of a single outcome
and uncertainties of many outcomes are determined by how uniformly a
scalar field (i.e. Potential field, entropy, mass) is distributed over
an entity. It is known that an increase in entropy increases the
likelihood. In this paper, this knowledge is taken one step further to
understand the likelihood of the possible outcomes within an entity
which have either a uniform or non-uniform scalar field. Uniform scalar
fields over an entity have net-zero scalar field value. An example of
Uniform scalar fields over an entity is rolling an unloaded dice where
every individual six outcomes have an equal likelihood. Uniform scalar
fields over an entity are where most uncertainty occurs as all outcomes
have an equal likelihood. The non-uniform scalar field over an entity is
where there is most certainty towards a single outcome. For example, a
loaded dice has the highest probability for a single outcome. The
theoretical model created in this paper is based on two square six by 6
cm dice, where one die is loaded non-uniformly with different chemical
molecules of different entropy and mass value and represented with
contour lines in a contour map. Another dice is loaded uniformly with
the same chemical molecule of the same entropy and mass all over the
dice. As the distribution of the chemical molecule is uniform, this
configuration represents an unloaded die. Neither entropy nor mass
scalar fields alone are capable of determining the outcome of the dice
alone. The outcome is also determined by the type of external force,
energy acting on the entity (i.e. dice), and the definition of
probability. All in all, the Important result is that regardless of the
definition of probability, type of external force, energy, or internal
scalar field within the entity, the most probable outcome, and the least
probable outcome are determined and connected by the gradient of the
scalar field (i.e. Gradient of Entropy, ∇ S ) within the entity.