Nocturnal Sap Flow as Compensation for Water Deficits: An Implicit
Water-saving Strategy Used by Mangroves in Stressful Environments
Abstract
As part of the plant water-use process, plant nocturnal sap flow (
Q n) has been demonstrated to have important
ecophysiological significance to compensate for water loss. The purpose
of this study was to explore nocturnal water-use strategies to fill the
knowledge gap in mangroves, by measuring three species co-occurring in a
subtropical estuary. The Q n existed persistently
and contributed markedly over 5.5%~24.0% of the daily
sap flow ( Q) across species, which was associated with two
processes, nocturnal transpiration ( E n) and
nocturnal stem water refilling ( R n). The
diversity of stem recharge patterns and response to sap flow to high
salinity conditions were the main reasons for the differences in
Q n/ Q among species. For Kandelia
obovata and Aegiceras corniculatum, R n
was the main contributor to Q n, which driven by
the demands of stem water refilling after diurnal water depletion and
high salinity. In contrast, Avicennia marina maintained a low
Q n, driven by vapor pressure deficit, and the
Q n mainly used for E n,
which adapts to high salinity conditions by limiting water dissipation
at night. We conclude that the diverse ways Q n
properties act as water-compensating strategies among the co-occurring
mangrove species might help the trees to overcoming water scarcity.