Studies of eco-evolutionary dynamics have integrated evolution with ecological processes at multiple scales (populations, communities, and ecosystems) and with multiple interspecific interactions (antagonistic, mutualistic, and competitive). However, evolution has often been conceptualized as a single process: short-term adaptive genetic change driven by natural selection. Here we argue that other diverse evolutionary processes should also be considered, to explore the full spectrum of feedbacks between ecological and evolutionary processes. Relevant but underappreciated processes include (1) drift and mutation, (2) disruptive selection causing lineage diversification or speciation reversal, (3) evolution driven by relative fitness differences that may decrease population growth, and (4) topics including multilevel selection, sexual selection and conflict, hard and soft selection, and genetic/genomic architectures/signatures. Because natural selection is not the sole mechanism of rapid evolution, it will be important to integrate a variety of concepts in evolutionary biology and ecology to better understand and predict eco-evolutionary dynamics in nature.