Unraveling the Dynamics of Moisture Transport during Atmospheric Rivers
Producing Rainfall in the Southern Andes
Abstract
Atmospheric rivers (ARs) are known to produce both beneficial and
extreme rainfall, leading to natural hazards in Chile. Motivated to
understand moisture transport during AR events, this study performs a
moisture budget analysis along 50 zonally elongated ARs reaching the
western coast of South America. We identify the convergence of moist air
masses of tropical/subtropical origin along the AR as the primary source
of vertically integrated water vapor (IWV). Over the open ocean,
moisture convergence is nearly balanced by precipitation. The advection
of moisture along the AR, although smaller compared to mass convergence,
significantly increases toward the landfalling region. The near
conservation of IWV over the open ocean, observed by tracking a
Lagrangian atmospheric column along the ARs, is the explanation behind
the seemingly tropical origin of ARs in time-lapse visualizations of
IWV