Table 3. Hierarchical AMOVA for microsatellites andmtCOI markers. The analyses included two intermediate levels of variation following: 1) isolation by barrier (IBB), with populations separated by the western range (Pacific and Andean), and 2) isolation by environment (IBE), with populations classified into three regions following environmental conditions (Pacific, Andean 1, and Andean 2). The proportion of variation (%) and associatedFST and Φ are given for each hierarchical level.