Data Source
We used de-identified administrative claims data from the OptumLabs®
Data Warehouse (OLDW), which includes medical and pharmacy claims and
enrollment records for commercial and Medicare Advantage enrollees. The
database contains longitudinal health information for over 200 million
enrollees and patients, representing a mixture of ages, ethnicities, and
geographical regions across the U.S. Our study period was from 7/1/2000
to 6/30/2019. Diagnoses were obtained using International Statistical
Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD9/ICD10)
diagnostic and procedure codes, Current Procedural Terminology (CPT)
codes, Diagnosis Related Group (DRG) codes, and Healthcare Common
Procedure Coding System (HCPCS) codes. Since this study involved
analysis of pre-existing data that was de-identified in compliance with
the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) of 1996,
it was exempt from Institutional Review Board
oversight.19