Figure 3 Schematic representation for TFF (A), rTFF (B) and HPTFF (C) systems with centrifugal pumps based on pressure characterization. Pressure curves along the filter length for each system are given and arrows indicate filtrate flux, longer arrows represent larger fluxes. Additionally, a zoom into a fiber at the beginning, middle and at the end of the filter is provided and colored from red (high pressure) to blue (low pressure). As rTFF consist of two phases, the situation for forward crossflow and reverse crossflow are depicted.