Clinical Spectrum and Outcome of Neonatal Multi-System Inflammatory
Syndrome (MIS-N) - A Prospective Cohort Study.
Abstract
AIMS: To analyze the clinical spectrum in Neonates with MIS-N
based on the time of presentation and also to assess the use of
immunomodulator therapy in MIS-N. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: We
studied 100 neonates, delivered at BLDE (DU) Shri B M Patil Medical
College Hospital admitted to Level III-A NICU from JULY 2020 to MAY
2021. 98 neonates had high titers of Ig G antibodies and negative for
COVID Antigen. We categorized the cohorts into EARLY MIS-N
(<72 hrs) and LATE MIS-N (>72 hrs).
RESULTS: 58 presented as EARLY MIS-N with Respiratory Distress
in 40 (70%), cardiac dysfunction 34 (60%), PPHN 12(20%), Fever
12(20%), seizures 12(20%), encephalopathy in 6(10%), sepsis-like
features 6(10%), had elevated inflammatory markers like CRP (30%),
D-Dimer (70%), Ferritin (30%), cardiac biomarkers like BNP (60%), LDH
(30%) and ECHO showing LV dysfunction in 50%. LATE MIS-N presented
mostly with fever 28(70%), sepsis-like features 24(60%), Respiratory
Distress in 16(40%), cardiac dysfunction 12 (30%), hypoglycemia
4(10%) parotitis 4(10%), had significantly elevated inflammatory
markers like CRP (70%), D-Dimer (50%), Ferritin (70%), cardiac
biomarkers like BNP (40%), LDH (20%) and ECHO showing LV dysfunction
in 20%, dilated coronaries in 20 %, PPHN in 10%. Oxygen and
respiratory support requirement was more in EARLY presenters and IVIG
and steroid requirement was more in LATE presenters.
CONCLUSION: We observed that maternal SARS COV2 antibodies
transferred transplacentally and neonatal antibodies acquired after
COVID 19 infection can cause MIS-N in neonates. The immunomodulator
therapy is required in severe cases of MIS-N only.