Pulmonary Hemorrhage as a Rare Complication of Leptospirosis: A Case ReportArefeh Babazadeh1, Mohammad Barary2, Soheil Ebrahimpour1, Zeinab Mohseni Afshar1Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, IranStudent Research Committee, School of Medical Education and Learning Technologies, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranCorrespondence: Zeinab Mohseni Afshar, Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran. Email: [email protected]

Objectives: The current study aimed to compare the efficacy of the two different prophylactic antibiotic regimens (2-days vs. 7-days) in preventing surgical site infection in coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Methods: Patients undergoing CABG were included in this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. From 2016 to 2017, 370 cases were allocated to one of two groups. The groups received prophylactic antibiotic therapy for either 2-days or 7-days. All CABG patients were followed for days for surgical site infections. Two of the patients died after surgery, and 3 patients did not show up during the three-month follow-up evaluation and thus did not meet the study criteria. Results: Of the remaining 365 patients who participated in the full study, 198 (54.2%) were male, and 167 (45.7%) were female patients. The mean age of these cases was 58.64± 11.4. Of the 365 study participants who received prophylactic antibiotics prior to surgery, 16 patients developed surgical site infections (legs and sternum). Among these 16 patients, nine cases belong to the 7-days prophylactic antibiotic therapy group (2.4%), and seven cases belong to the 2-day prophylactic antibiotic therapy group (1.9%) (P=0.771). Conclusion: Comparison of two 2-day and 7-day prophylactic antibiotic regimens showed no significant difference in the incidence of post-surgical infection in the two groups.