Introduction:Thrombophilia can be defined as an increased tendency to develop a thrombus. Thrombophilia aetiology divides into either heritable defects, such as mutations in the genes encoding the natural anticoagulants antithrombin, protein C, protein S, clotting factors, prothrombin, and factor V, or acquired defects, such as antiphospholipid syndrome (1).Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is an autoimmune disease characterised by the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies, such as lupus anticoagulant, anticardiolipin antibodies, and anti-β2-glycoprotein 1. APS can present with a variety of clinical phenotypes, including arterial, venous thrombosis, and obstetric complications (2).Patients with APS may have diverse neurological condition these include Cerebrovascular accident , epilepsy, cognitive disorders, headaches/migraine, chorea, multiple sclerosis-like, transverse myelitis, ocular symptoms, and Guillain-Barré syndrome (3).Certain projections suggest that the occurrence of APS stands at approximately 5 fresh instances per year for every 100,000 individuals, with a prevalence of roughly 40 to 50 cases per 100,000 people (4). A study done in 1990 found that in a series of 51 unselected patients presenting with stroke and transient ischemic attacks, three had antiphospholipid syndrome(5).Another cause of thrombophilia is protein c and s deficiency. Protein C and protein S are glycoproteins, predominantly synthesised in the liver, that are important components of the natural anticoagulation system in the body. They are vitamin K-dependent and serve as essential components in the maintenance of physiologic hemostasis (1).Individuals with inherited abnormalities in the protein C and protein S pathways have an increased susceptibility to thromboembolic occurrences like deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, stroke, and organ ischemia [6].Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) is considered as a rare cause of stroke (represent 1% of all stroke form in adult) (1). It tends to affect females which may he attributed to some gender-associated risks as pregnancy and oral contraceptive use (2).Due to its variable presentation; the diagnosis of CVT is still challenging. However, there are common clinical manifestations which include headache, seizure, focal neurological deficit, and altered sensorium. These symptoms may evolve over several days. Risk factors of CVT include hereditary thrombophilia, autoimmune disorder, malignancy and chronic inflammatory diseases. It is worth mentioning that patients with CVT may have more than one risk factor (3).Venous sinus thrombosis can be seen, with or without other peripheral thrombotic events, especially in patients with antiphospholipid syndrome (7).
