Fig. 2 Geology map of the area in and around Guryul Ravine
Guryul ravine is one of the very few places in the world where the Permian-Triassic boundary can be seen clearly (Rostovtsev and Azaryan 1973). Guryul ravine section is divided into different chronozones (standard time units), and each chronozone is equivalent to almost 5m thick unit at Guryul standard section (Guirong and Grant 2003). Some geologists have reported Guryul as a continuous unbroken record of PT strata (Wadia 1919; Grant and Cooper 1973; Sokratov 1983; Orchard et al. 1994). In contrast, some workers have reported a sort of physical discontinuity between the top of Zewan Unit D and the base of Khonmoh Unit E (Wang 2002). The Guryul Ravine P–Tr boundary succession in the Kashmir Himalaya belongs to the peri-Gondwanan region that covered the northern margin of Gondwana and the southern margin of Palaeotethys/Neo-Tethys (Fig. 3) (Singh et al. 2015; Wang et al. 2017; Brookfield et al. 2019). It was considered as a standard reference section (SRS) for both upper Permian and lower Triassic biostratigraphy and provided an excellent P-T boundary record (Haas et al. 2007).