PARTICLE TRAJECTORIES AND THE PERCEPTION OF CLASSICAL MOTION IN THE FREE
PROPAGATION OF WAVE PACKETS.
Abstract
The free propagation in time of a normalisable wave packet is the
oldest problem of continuum quantum mechanics. Its motion from
microscopic to macroscopic distance is the way in which most quantum
systems are detected experimentally. Although much studied and analysed
since 1927 and presented in many text books, here the problem is
re-appraised from the standpoint of semi-classical mechanics. Particular
aspects are the emergence of deterministic trajectories of particles
emanating from a region of atomic dimensions and the interpretation of
the wave function as describing a single particle or an ensemble of
identical particles. Of possible wave packets, that of gaussian form is
most studied due to the simple exact form of the time-dependent solution
in real and in momentum space. Furthermore, this form is important in
laser optics. Here the equivalence of the time-dependent Schroedinger
equation to the paraxial equation for the propagation of light is
demonstrated explicitly. This parallel helps to understand the relevance
of trajectory concepts and the conditions necessary for the perception
of motion as classical.