Fig. 3. Norm of reaction plots (left panels) and effect size plots (right panels) illustrating the effects of ploidy level, drought stress and defoliation on phytochemical traits (different boxes). Norm of reaction plots show mean (± SE) responses of eight different diploid and triploid genotypes when exposed to all possible combinations of drought stress and defoliation. Data points are horizontally jittered to reduce overlapping. The corresponding effect size plots show the relative explanatory importance of each fixed effect as the partial R2 value and the proportion of variance explained by each random effect in the trait model. Asterisks indicate statistical significance (p< 0.050). Statistics for fixed effects and random intercepts are shown in the supplementary data Table S2. dw = dry weight.