2.4 Microbial community analysis
Biofilm samples were also collected from the anodes of SAMFCs at the stages of t0, t20 and t100 by using a 10-mL syringe with a 0.9×150 mm stainless steel needle for microbial community analysis. High-throughput sequencing analysis based on all bacterial 16S rRNA was performed to know the microbial communities present in the biofilms as described in ref. (Chen et al., 2019) , detailed procedure see supplemental information.