Background: The Na+/K+-ATPase pump plays a vital role in maintaining the osmotic balance between intracellular and extracellular compartments. This study is designed to reveal possible differences of Na+/K+-ATPase activity, Na+/K+-ATPase α1 protein expression, and total ATPase (Na/K ATPase, Ca ATPase, H/K ATPase) activity in cell membranes of nasal mucosa with polyps. Methods: Patients who were diagnosed with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) for the first time were included in study group. Patients who underwent bilateral endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) for reasons other than chronic sinusitis constituted the control group. Uncinate mucosa was sampled without local/topical anesthesia. Na+/K+ ATPase α1 protein level was measured by ELISA, and total ATPase activity and Na+/K+ ATPase activity by the colorimetric method. Results: There was no statistically difference between Na+/K+-ATPase α1 protein expression values between the study and control groups (P>0.683). Total ATPase activity was lower in nasal polyp patients without significance (P>0.140). Na+/K+-ATPase activity was significantly lower in nasal polyp patients when compared to the control group (P<0.033). In male patients, Na+/K+-ATPase activity and total ATPase activity were significantly lower in the study group (P<0.016 and P<0.020). Conclusions: Decreased Na+/K+-ATPase activity may be involved in the etiology of CRSwNP, by means of changing osmotic balance. In addition, the significant decrease in Na+/K+-ATPase activity and total ATPase activity in male CRS patients with nasal polyps suggests that there may be gender (or hormonal) differences in the etiology of CRSwNP. Key Points: Decreased Na+/K+-ATPase activity may be involved in the etiology of CRSwNP. The significant decrease in Na+/K+-ATPase activity and total ATPase activity in male CRS patients with nasal polyps suggests that there may be gender (or hormonal) differences in the etiology of CRSwNP. Key words: Ca2+ ATPase, H+/K+ ATPaz, Nasal polyp, Chronic Rhinosinusit, Na+/K+-ATPase, Na+/K+-ATPase α1 protein expression, total ATPase Key Points: Decreased Na+/K+-ATPase activity may be involved in the etiology of CRSwNP. This study might contribute to solve the therapeutic challenges in CRSwNP which might be due to unexplained physiopathology of nasal polyposis.

Objective: To analyze the serum markers for the early diagnosis of intestinal anastomotic leak (AL) after the gyne-oncological operations. Methods: Between September 2017 and March 2021, patients with an intestinal anastomosis performed during the gyne-oncological surgeries were identified from a tertiary center in Turkey. As the local guideline of the clinic, all these patients were followed by measuring serum samples including procalcitonin (PCT) and C-reactive protein (CRP) on postoperative day (POD) 1 through the day of discharge or the day of re-operation for AL. Results: 12.5% (5/40) of the patients suffered an AL and 4 of them were re-operated. The mean albumin values on POD 3-4 and the mean platelet values on POD 1 were lower in the AL group (p<0.05). Although it was not statistically significant (p>0.05), median PCT values (ng/mL) on POD 8-10 were higher in the AL group compared with no leak group. The best cutt-off point for PCT on POD 9 was determined to be 0.11 ng/mL (AUC: 0.917, Sensitivity = %100.0, specifity = %66.7, positive predictive value = %66.7, negative predictive value = %100.0). Conclusion: Serum PCT and CRP concentrations were not found to be helpfull for the early diagnosis of AL in patients operated for gyne-oncological malignancies. Low levels of albumin and platelets in the first days after the operation may be clue for a possible AL.