Figure 3. Data measurement and integration can be used to
advance assessments and management of river carbon dynamics and water
quality . (a) Sensor arrays along river catchments (locations 1-7)
provide time-series of parameters (including carbon/metabolism).
Real-time data from the suite of sensors can then be exchanged and
processed together with other automated information sources such as
weather forecasts, satellite data, and local measurements (white
arrows). ML tools can be incorporated to (b) alert humanized control
centers for proposed actions, or take actions automatically using alarm
rationalization (distinguishing between alarms and alerts). The
dimensionality of data collection at these nodes (c, d) can be augmented
by deploying mobile/autonomous systems to capture information from river
cross sections, as well as from the reaches between fixed sensor nodes.
Hierarchically nested structures of sensor arrays and other information
sources can thus be used to advance optimization in water resource
management.
Table 1. Multiple parameters can be measured routinely
with high-frequency sensors to advance understanding and management of
river carbon cycling and emissions.