In this study, the impact of spatio-temporal accuracy of four different sea surface temperature (SST) datasets on the accuracy of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF)-Hydro system to simulate hydrological response during two catastrophic flood events over Eastern Black Sea (EBS) and Mediterranean (MED) regions of Turkey is investigated. Three time-varying and high spatial resolution external SST products (GHRSST, Medspiration, and NCEP-SST) and one coarse-resolution and invariable SST product (ERA5- and GFS-SST for EBS and MED regions, respectively) already embedded in the initial and boundary condition dataset of WRF model are used in deriving near-surface weather variables through WRF. After the proper event-based calibration performed to the WRF-Hydro using hourly and daily streamflow data of small catchments in both regions, uncoupled model simulations for independent SST events are conducted to assess the impact of SST-triggered precipitation on simulated extreme runoff. Some localized and temporal differences in the occurrence of the flood events with respect to observations depending on the SST representation are noticeable. SST products represented with higher temporal and spatial correlation revealed significant improvement in flood hydrographs for both regions. The higher spatial and temporal correlations of GHRSST dataset show RMSE reduction up to 20% and increase in correlation from 0.3 to 0.8 with respect to the invariable SST (ERA5) in simulated runoffs over the EBS region. The error reduction with GHRSST reached 35% after the calibration of hydrological model parameters compared to not calibrated model. The use of both GHRSST and Medspiration SST data characterized with high spatiotemporal correlation resulted in runoff simulations exactly matching the observed runoff peak of 300 m3/s by reducing the overestimation seen in not calibrated runs over the MED region.

In this study, the impact of integrating four different sea surface temperatures (SST) datasets on the accuracy of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF)-Hydro system to simulate hydrological response during two catastrophic flood events triggered by the changes in SST is investigated. The selected events occurred over Eastern Black Sea (EBS) and Mediterranean (MED) regions of Turkey, where complex geographical characteristics exist and flash flood occurrences are associated with climatic conditions. Three time-varying and high-resolution external SST products (GHRSST, Medspiration, and NCEP-SST) and one coarse-resolution SST product (ECMWF-SST and GFS-SST for EBS and MED regions, respectively) already embedded in the initial and boundary condition dataset of WRF model are used in deriving near-surface weather variables through WRF. Using these meteorological inputs, the flood hydrographs of topographically complex small catchments located over EBS and MED regions are derived by a calibrated WRF-Hydro model coupled one way with WRF 3-km nest domain. After the proper event-based calibration performed to the WRF-Hydro using hourly and daily streamflow data of small catchments in both regions, model simulations for independent SST events are conducted to assess the impact of SST-triggered precipitation on simulated extreme runoff. The calibrated model over both regions revealed significant improvement in flood hydrographs. Some localized and temporal differences in the occurrence of the flood events with respect to observations depending on the SST representation are noticeable. The high-resolution SST dataset cases (Medspiration and GHRSST) show error reduction up to 20% and increase in correlation from 0.3 to 0.8 with respect to the coarse SST in simulated runoffs of the EBS region. The error reduction reached 35% after the calibration. The same high-resolution SST data revealed the exact match with the observed runoff peak after 100 m3/s reductions obtained with calibration in the MED region.