Intensifying Seasonality of the Global Water Cycle as Indicated by Sea
Surface Salinity
Abstract
Sea surface salinity (SSS), an essential climate variable that is
sensitive to changes in the global water cycle, varies seasonally in
many places due to annual variations in rainfall and evaporation, as
well as vertical mixing and advection. The seasonal variability of
global mean SSS, with maximum/minimum SSS in March/September has been
increasing in amplitude since the start of the satellite observation era
in 2010. This variability, with a range of 0.03, implies approximately 2
cm of water leaving from and returning to the surface of the ocean over
the course of the year, with its 0.01 increase in range since 2011,
roughly equating to an additional 0.7 cm of water cycling out and
returning to the ocean. This trend is consistent with predictions of an
accelerating global water cycle on a warming planet.