Recognition and Treatment of Severe COVID-19 in Pregnancy: Lessons from
a Cohort of 69 Infected Women and an Evidence-Based Guideline
Abstract
Objectives: To determine clinical and laboratory features of pregnant
woman with COVID-19 who require respiratory support. To recommend a
management strategy that optimises maternal and fetal outcomes. Design:
An observational cohort study of 7000 maternities between 1st March and
1st July 2020. Setting: Five maternity centres across a maternal
medicine network in north-central London, UK Population: 69 pregnant
women with confirmed acute SARS-COV2 Methods: Review of electronic
healthcare records Main Outcome Measures: Clinical and laboratory
features, maternal and fetal outcomes. Results: Respiratory support was
needed by 15/69 . This cohort was more likely to present with dyspnoea
(10/15 vs 10/54, p<0.001), a lower lymphocyte count (0.90.1
vs 1.40.1 x 109 cells/L; p<0.01) and hypokalaemia (3.80.1 vs
4.00.1 mmol/l, p<0.05). Radiological evidence of lung
consolidation did not identify women in need of respiratory support.
Women on respiratory support underwent childbirth at an earlier
gestation than those who did not (36+4 vs 39+5 weeks,
p<0.001), and required emergency c-section (6/15 vs 8/54,
p<0.05). Childbirth did not improve respiratory function in
those with severe disease, with 3 women remaining on invasive
ventilation despite childbirth. Conclusions: Routine clinical data can
identify pregnant women at risk of severe COVID-19. Pregnant women
should be offered the same treatment as non-pregnant patients but
iatrogenic childbirth should not be the default for women with severe
disease. We propose a management pathway for pregnant women with severe
COVID-19.