Conformable Fractional Models of the Stellar Helium Burning via
Artificial Neural Networks
Abstract
The helium burning phase represents the second stage that the star used
to consume nuclear fuel in its interior. In this stage, the three
elements carbon, oxygen, and neon are synthesized. The present paper has
two folds, the first is to develop an analytical solution to the system
of the conformable fractional differential equations of the helium
burning network, where we used for this purpose the series expansion
method and obtained recurrence relations for the product abundances i.e.
helium, carbon, oxygen, and neon. Using four different initial
abundances, we calculated 44 gas models covering the range of the
fractional parameter with step . We found that the effects of the
fractional parameter on the product abundances are small which coincides
with the results obtained by a previous study. Second, we introduced the
mathematical model of the neural network (NN) and developed a neural
network algorithm to simulate the helium burning network using its
feed-forward model that is trained by the back propagation (BP) gradient
descent delta rule algorithm. A comparison between the NN and the
analytical models revealed very good agreement for all gas models. We
found that NN could be considered as a powerful tool to solve and model
nuclear burning networks and could be applied to the other nuclear
stellar burning networks.