Hospital Utilization and Mortality in Transition-aged Patients with
Sickle Cell Disease in the United States
Abstract
Background: Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a genetic blood disorder that
results in vaso-occlusive events and shortened lifespan. Medical
advancements have led to a decrease in childhood mortality in SCD, but
the transition period is associated with poor outcomes. We analyzed
recent US hospitalizations and mortality trends in the transition-aged
population and evaluated for differences between patients with and
without SCD. Methods: Nationwide Impatient Sample (NIS) database was
utilized to analyze hospitalizations among individuals aged 16-24 years
from 2003-2017. Diagnoses were coded using ICD-9-CM and ICD-10-CM.
Statistical analyses included: bivariate analyses to assess the
association between socio-demographic characteristics, joinpoint
regression analysis to describe trends in mortality rates, average
annual percent change (AAPC) measures were calculated, and adjusted
survey logistic regression to assess the association between patient
characteristics and in-hospital mortality. Results: Our data captured
37,344,532 total patients between the age of 16 and 24 who were
hospitalized during 2003-2017. Patients with SCD comprised of 1.20% of
population with a significant +3.2% AAPC in hospitalizations. When
comparing SCD to non-SCD hospitalization trends, we observed differences
in gender, against-medical-advice discharge status, zip code income, and
payer. SCD in-hospital mortality rates showed a non-significant -0.7%
AAPC. However, in contrast to non-SCD patients, the odds ratios for
in-hospital mortality significantly increased with age for SCD patients.
Conclusion: During the transition period, SCD patients have an extremely
increased likelihood of mortality. Proposed interventions to address
this disparity must include targeting social determinants of health.