Acknowledgements
We are grateful to the National Parks of the United States including
Yosemite, Sequoia, and King Canyon National Parks for providing
permission to conduct research in the parks. Thanks also to Ministry of
Education Republic of China (Taiwan) for offering a scholarship to YMW.
This research is also supported by the Valentine Eastern Sierra Reserve
(UC Santa Barbara Natural Reserve System) through VESR Graduate Student
Funding to YMW, and a UW Research Competition Award to SDS. We thank
Benton Veire and Matthew Medeiros for helping us to conduct the field
work, and Ph.D. committees of YMW for providing suggestions to this
study. The authors have no conflicts of interests to declare.