Midwakh associated Acute Lung Injury (MALI): An emerging epidemic in the
Middle East -A Case Report and review of literature
Abstract
Tobacco in any form is harmful. There is an alarming increase
consumption of Alternative Tobacco Products (ATPs). Midwakh is one of
the most used ATP in UAE, particularly amongst adolescents. In addition
to harmful levels of cobalt, chromium, cadmium, Iron and lead, Midwakh
has higher nicotine and tar content when compared to shisha and
cigarettes. We report a 14-year-old adolescent male, who presented with
Acute Lung Injury within 24 hours following a first attempt of Midwakh
smoking, a presentation remarkably similar to E-Cigarettes or Vaping
Associated Lung Injury. A high-resolution computerized tomogram of the
chest (HRCT) showed bilateral interstitial pneumonia with ground glass
appearance and patchy consolidation. A flexible bronchoscopy revealed
bilateral petechial hemorrhages with erythematous bronchial walls.
Mechanical ventilation was required for two weeks with high ventilatory
settings due to poor lung compliance. The criteria for moderately severe
ARDS was met, and a good response was achieved to a high dose of
steroids, prone ventilation with ultra-short lung protective strategy.
Initial spirometry tests done post extubation were compatible with
severe restrictive lung disease. Significant clinical and radiological
recovery was achieved at three months. To our knowledge and as per the
literature reviewed, this is the first case of Midwakh associated acute
lung injury reported till date. We wish to emphasize that physicians
should be well informed about the use of ATPs, both existing and
emerging ones and its potential severe complications.