Competing interests:
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Supplementary Information  is available for this paper.
Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to Pasquale Raia, pasquale.raia@unina.it
Extended Data Table 1. a, Paleoclimatic estimates for the hominin species in the tree and b, reconstructed climatic values at the tree nodes. Nodes refer to the node number in the tree. Mean age refers to the mean value obtained by altering the tree topology and branch lengths 100 times to account for phylogenetic uncertainty.
Extended Data Table 2. a, Paleoclimatic estimates for the hominin species in the tree and b, reconstructed climatic values at the tree nodes after subsampling the most abundant species. Mean age refers to the mean value obtained by altering the tree topology and branch lengths 100 times to account for phylogenetic uncertainty.
Extended Data Table 3. a, Paleoclimatic estimates for the hominin species in the tree and b, reconstructed climatic values at the tree nodes after removing the first decile of the climatic variable values. Nodes refer to the node number in the tree. Nodes refer to the node number in the tree. Mean age refers to the mean value obtained by altering the tree topology and branch lengths 100 times to account for phylogenetic uncertainty.
Extended Data Table 4. a, Paleoclimatic estimates for the hominin species in the tree and b, reconstructed climatic values at the tree nodes after randomly shuffling the fossil occurrence data within the biogeographical domain of individual species. Nodes refer to the node number in the tree. Mean age refers to the mean value obtained by altering the tree topology and branch lengths 100 times to account for phylogenetic uncertainty.
Extended Data Fig. 1. Maps of fossil locality distribution and habitat quality at specific nodes in the hominin tree. The association between the position of fossil localities and habitat quality is measured by means of AUC. Habitat quality is counted as the number of replicates (out of 100) a specific location (0.5 degrees geographic cells) resulted suitable according to paleoclimatic estimates. The replicates differ from each other in terms of the topology and branch lengths of the phylogeny used to produce the estimates.
Extended Data Fig. 2. Maps of fossil locality distribution and habitat quality at specific nodes in the hominin tree, after setting the maximum number of fossil localities per species at 100 for the ancestor to all Homo species (node 12, left), early Homo (node 16, middle) and MHS (node 14, right). The association between the position of fossil localities and habitat quality is measured by means of AUC. Habitat quality is counted as the number of replicates (out of 100) a specific location (0.5 degrees geographic cells) resulted suitable according to paleoclimatic estimates. The replicates differ from each other in terms of the topology and branch lengths of the phylogeny used to produce the estimates.
Extended Data Fig. 3. Maps of fossil locality distribution and habitat quality at specific nodes in the hominin tree, after excluding the first decile of the distribution of paleoclimatic estimates. The node numbers correspond to the tree in Extended Data Fig. 1. The association between the position of fossil localities and habitat quality is measured by means of AUC. Habitat quality is counted as the number of replicates (out of 100) a specific location (0.5 degrees geographic cells) resulted suitable according to paleoclimatic estimates. The replicates differ from each other in terms of the topology and branch lengths of the phylogeny used to produce the estimates.
Extended Data Fig. 4. Maps showing randomly placed fossil localities and habitat quality at specific nodes in the hominin tree.The association between the position of random fossil localities (a single random draw is depicted) and habitat quality is measured by means of AUC. Habitat quality is counted as the number of replicates (out of 100) a specific location (0.5 degrees geographic cells) resulted suitable according to paleoclimatic estimates. The replicates differ from each other in terms of the topology and branch lengths of the phylogeny used to produce the estimates. The biogeographic domains used to place fossil localities is indicated by the pink line.