Variable
Total study population N=1178 EF ≤ 35% N=755 EF > 35% N=423
P-Value
Age, years 58.3 (11.6) 58.2 (11.5) 58.4 (11.7) 0.7920
Male 889 (75.5) 594 (78.7) 295 (69.7) 0.0006
Caucasian 962 (81.7) 613 (81.2) 349 (82.5) 0.5761
Medical History
Non-ischemic CM 585 (49.7) 338 (44.8) 247 (58.4) <0.0001 a
NYHA Class III 301 (25.6) 199 (26.4) 102 (24.1) 0.3969
Baseline EF, % 24.5 (6.7) 23.4 (6.7) 26.5 (6.3) <0.0001 b
Pulmonary disease 195 (16.6) 120 (15.9) 75 (17.7) 0.4159
Never smoker 315 (26.7) 193 (25.6) 122 (28.8) 0.4230
Hyperlipidemia 645 (54.8) 433 (57.4) 212 (50.1) 0.0167
Hypertension 610 (51.8) 375 (49.7) 235 (55.6) 0.0524
Stroke 65 (5.5) 43 (5.7) 22 (5.2) 0.7214
Diabetes 316 (26.8) 191 (25.3) 125 (29.6) 0.1140
NSVT 236 (20.0) 156 (20.7) 80 (18.9) 0.4717
Syncope 87 (7.4) 57 (7.55) 30 (7.1) 0.7733
QRS duration <120 ms 691 (58.7) 388 (51.4) 303 (71.6) <0.0001 a
Atrial fibrillation by ECG 71 (6.0) 40 (5.3) 31 (7.33) 0.1601
Blood pressure - diastolic, mmHg 71.3 (11.1) 71.0 (10.9) 71.9 (11.3) 0.1893
Blood pressure - systolic, mmHg 120.3 (19.5) 118.7 (18.2) 123.3 (21.2) 0.0001
Pulse, beats/min 74.0 (14.1) 73.8 (13.8) 74.4 (14.7) 0.4716
Sodium, mg/dl 139.3 (3.1) 139.3 (3.1) 139.4 (3.0) 0.5656
Potassium, mEq/L 4.4 (0.5) 4.4 (0.5) 4.4 (0.4) 0.5656
Ace inhibitor 992 (84.2) 638 (84.5) 354 (83.7) 0.7127
Beta blocker 817 (69.4) 522 (69.1) 295 (69.7) 0.8301
Digoxin 802 (68.1) 533 (70.6) 269 (63.6) 0.0134
Diuretic (loop) 936 (79.5) 600 (79.5) 336 (79.4) 0.9878
Spironolactone 202 (17.2) 125 (16.6) 77 (18.2) 0.4718
Statins 487 (41.3) 328 (43.4) 159 (37.6) 0.0503
Months from CHF diagnosis 40.0 (47.5) 43.7 (47.5) 33.49 (46.9) 0.0004