Inclusion / exclusion criteria
All patients included had a singleton, non-anomalous fetus in cephalic
presentation and had been moved to obstetric theatre in the second stage
of labour with the intention of performing a trial of operative vaginal
delivery or a primary emergency full dilatation Caesarean section.
Patient’s with multiple pregnancy, fetal anomaly or where the case notes
were unavailable for analysis were excluded (20 cases).