● Direct contrast removal from general circulation
Contrast removal during CA has been reported to be correlated with
decreased CIN occurrence. This contrast removal can be done by direct
aspiration from general circulation through different methods including
hemodialysis or continuous veno-veno hemofiltration with conflicting
results (80).
Moreover, the contrast agent would be still in the circulation and might
damage the renal tissue.
A summary of potential methods to decrease CIN risk is shown
in Figure 1.