Sequencing and comparisons of NHP and human gut microbiomes
We sequenced 16S rDNA extracted from 18 fecal samples collected from
captive chimpanzees upon their arrival at Project Chimps sanctuary,
generating 1,406,091 million high-quality sequences with an average of
80,704 reads per sample. These data were combined with published V4-V5
16S rDNA amplicon datasets containing matched populations of captive and
wild primates from the same species, including doucs, chimpanzees, and
gorillas as well as 16S rDNA datasets collected from human populations
in the United States, the country in which most captive NHP individuals
represented in the combined dataset resided. One fecal sample from a
captive chimpanzee (chimp.17) dominated by a single ASV
(>50% of reads) was removed from downstream analyses. The
total dataset contained 796 samples rarefied to an even depth of 10,000
reads per sample. A list of samples and their corresponding metadata are
presented in Table S1. Sample metadata corresponding to published
datasets are available in the supplementary materials of their
respective studies (Clayton et al., 2016; Moeller et al., 2016; Campbell
et al., 2020). A map of sampling locations for wild and captive NHPs is
presented in Figure S1.