COVID-19 in Severe Asthma Network in Italy (SANI) patients: clinical
features, impact of comorbidities and treatments
Abstract
BACKGROUND: COronaVIrus Disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic is affecting
almost the entire world since February 2020. Patients with chronic
pulmonary diseases, such as asthma and chronic obstructive lung disease
potentially and theoretically may be more vulnerable and therefore
seriously ill if infected by SARS-CoV-2; however, according to the first
epidemiological studies published so far, chronic pulmonary diseases are
under-reported. No data is available, so far, about the incidence of
COVID-19 in severe asthmatics and about which are the COVID-19 outcomes
in this subgroup of patients. METHODS:: In this study, we investigated
the incidence of COVID-19 cases in a large population of severe
asthmatics in Italy, describing their clinical characteristics and
clinical course of COVID-19 disease. RESULTS: Twenty-six (1.73%) out of
1504 severe asthmatics were identified as confirmed or highly suspect
with COVID-19. Nine (34.6%) of infected patients experienced worsening
of asthma during the COVID-19 symptomatic period. Severe asthmatics
affected by COVID-19, compared to those who did not contracted the
infection, had a significantly higher prevalence of
non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) (15.4% vs 3.8%,
p=0.002); among COVID-19 patients the proportion of those treated
anti-IL5 biologic agents was higher (71%) compared to the number of
patients treated with anti-IgE (29%). CONCLUSIONS: In our large cohort
of severe asthmatics, the incidence of COVID-19 was particularly low,
with higher prevalence of NIDDM as comorbidity, suggesting that NIDDM
might be a risk factor for COVID-19 in severe asthmatics.