Metered‐dose inhalers vs. nebulization for the delivery of albuterol in
pediatric asthma exacerbations: a systematic review with meta-analysis
Abstract
Objectives: Although albuterol, the most frequently used bronchodilator,
has been traditionally and generally delivered via nebulization (NEB)
with compressed air/oxygen, the benefits of metered‐dose inhalers with a
spacer (MDI+S) have been widely recognized as an alternative method for
albuterol administration. The aim of this systematic review was to
compare the response to albuterol delivered through NEB with albuterol
delivered through MDI+S in pediatric patients with asthma exacerbations.
Methods: We conducted an electronic search in MEDLINE/PubMed, EMBASE,
Ovid and ClinicalTrials. To be included in the review, a study had to a
randomized clinical trial comparing albuterol delivered via NEB versus
MDI+S; and had to report the rate of hospital admission (primary
outcome), or any of the following secondary outcomes: oxygen arterial
saturation, heart rate (HR), respiratory rate, the pulmonary index score
(PIS), adverse effects, and need for additional treatment. Results:
Fifteen studies (n=2057) met inclusion criteria. No significant
differences were found between the two albuterol delivery methods in
terms of hospital admission (RR 0.89; 95% CI 0.55 to 1.46; I2=32%;
p=0.65). There was a significant reduction in the PIS score (MD -0.63;
95% CI -0.91 to -0.35; I2=0%; p < 0.00001), and a
significantly smaller increase in HR (better) (MD -6.47; 95% CI -11.69
to -1.25; I2=0%; p=0.02) when albuterol was delivered through MDI+S
than when it was delivered through NEB. Conclusions: This review showed
a significant reduction in the PIS and a significantly smaller increase
in HR when albuterol was delivered through MDI+S than when it was
delivered through NEB.