2.1 Strains, media and culture
All strains used in this study are listed in Table S1. Z. mobilisstocks were inoculated into the rich medium (RM) composed of 10 g/L yeast extract, 20 g/L glucose, and 2 g/L KH2PO4, grown statically at 30 °C until their exponential phase, and then transferred into 250 mL flasks, each containing 100 mL RM medium with 10% inoculation for subculture to increase OD600 to ~1.0. When needed, 20 µg/mL tetracycline was added to the RM medium. Congo red staining was used to visualize the cellulose produced by Z. mobili s, and 2 µL of the subculture was inoculated onto RM agar plates containing 70 µ µg/mL Congo red, which were incubated for 12−24 h at 30 °C for visual inspection (Trivedi et al., 2016; Thongsomboon et al., 2020).