Quantification of marine benthic communities with metabarcoding is
highly influenced by ecological factors
Abstract
DNA metabarcoding methods have been implemented in studies aimed at
assessing and quantifying marine benthic biodiversity. In such studies,
first DNA is extracted from environmental samples, then target barcodes
are amplified and subsequently sequenced. In order to use such methods
in a quantitative manner, a relation between the biomass and/or the
abundance of a species and the number of its DNA sequences is assumed.
However, studies validating this relationship are rare. In this study,
we validate measurements of biomass and abundance between traditional
morphological and molecular approaches. A total of 126 samples from a
benthic intertidal system were analysed and quantified using abundancy
and biomass estimates from the morphological approach and frequency of
occurrence and relative read abundance estimates from the molecular
approach. A relationship between biomass and relative read abundance was
only found for one taxon (Pygospio) but all other taxons failed to show
such a relationship. We discuss how quantitative measurements by the
molecular approach are hampered by the ecology of DNA, i.e., all the
processes which determine the amount of DNA in the environment including
the ecology of the benthic species.