Table 1 is inserted here
The majority were diagnosed as type 2 diabetes mellitus (96.6%), had duration of diabetic diagnosis of five years and more (70.3%) and the duration of insulin treatment of one year and more (70.3%), and comorbidities (89.2%). The mean FPG result and HbA1C levels were 10.6 ± 4.1 mmol/L and 8.4 ± 1.6 mg/dL, respectively. There were 35.9% and 24.4% of patients achieved treatment goals.
There were only two type insulin used: insulin aspart (70/30) and insulin glargine. The majority of patients were only prescribed one type of pen, of which the proportion of patients using insulin aspart (70/30) pen accounted for 79.7%. A large of patients (87%) admitted that they had been treated with insulin vial previously. Eighty-night patients (60.1%) reported that they had received counseling for insulin pen from health professionals previously. The majority (73.6%) of patients was indicated oral diabetes medication combined with insulin.
Regarding the ADRs of the respondents, 77.7% of them suffered at least a problem at injection sites such as bruise (65.5%), pain (60.1%), bleeding (31.1%), insulin leakage (20.9%), lipodystrophy (14.9%), distortion, bending of needle (4.7%). The data reveals nearly half of participants (45.3%) suffered from hypoglycemia recently.