Socio-demographic and clinical characteristics form
The socio-demographic data comprised of age, gender, location, level of education, occupation. Clinical profile of patients consisted of diabetes-related data (For example: type, duration of diabetes, duration of insulin therapy, family history, comorbidity), diabetic treatment and outcomes, and adverse drug reactions (ADRs). The HbA1c and other parameters were collected from the patients’ medical records that existed for last 3 months. Injection sites on patient’s body were checked with observation and palpation for (1) lipodystrophy (lipohypertrophy, lipoatrophy), (2) pain, (3) bleeding, (4) bruise, (5) insulin leakage, and/or (6) broken needle. The presence of at least one of them was accepted as a complication.