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Aseismic Fault Slip during a Shallow Normal-Faulting Seismic Swarm Constrained Using a Physically-Informed Geodetic Inversion Method
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  • Yu Jiang,
  • Sergey Samsonov,
  • Pablo J González,
  • Yu Jiang
Yu Jiang
University of Liverpool

Corresponding Author:[email protected]

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Sergey Samsonov
Natural Resources Canada, Natural Resources Canada, Natural Resources Canada
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Pablo J González
University of Liverpool, University of Liverpool, University of Liverpool
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Yu Jiang
University of Liverpool, University of Liverpool

Corresponding Author:[email protected]

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Abstract

Improved imaging of the spatio-temporal growth of fault slip is crucial for understanding the driving mechanisms of earthquakes and faulting. This is especially critical to properly evaluate the evolution of seismic swarms and earthquake precursory phenomena. Fault slip inversion is an ill-posed problem and hence regularisation is required to obtain stable and interpretable solutions. An analysis of compiled finite fault slip models shows that slip distributions can be approximated with a generic elliptical shape, particularly well for M≤7.5 events. Therefore, we introduce a new physically-informed regularisation to constrain the spatial pattern of slip distribution. Our approach adapts a crack model derived from mechanical laboratory experiments and allows for complex slipping patterns by stacking multiple cracks. The new inversion method successfully recovered different simulated time-dependent patterns of slip propagation, i.e., crack-like and pulse-like ruptures, directly using wrapped satellite radar interferometry (InSAR) phase observations. We find that the new method reduces model parameter space, and favours simpler interpretable spatio-temporal fault slip distributions. We apply the proposed method to the 2011 March-September normal-faulting seismic swarm at Hawthorne (Nevada, USA), by computing ENVISAT and RADARSAT-2 interferograms to estimate the spatio-temporal evolution of fault slip distribution. The results show that (1) aseismic slip might play a significant role during the initial stage, and (2) this shallow seismic swarm had slip rates consistent with those of slow earthquake processes. The proposed method will be useful in retrieving time-dependent fault slip evolution and is expected to be widely applicable to studying fault mechanics, particularly in slow earthquakes.
Jul 2022Published in Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth volume 127 issue 7. 10.1029/2021JB022621