Abstract
Using the newly developed, Multiscale Atmosphere-Geospace Environment
(MAGE) model, we simulated the penetrating electric field in the
equatorial region under different interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) Bz
conditions during September 2020. Two intervals were selected for
detailed analysis with the vertical ion drift data from the NASA ICON.
The MAGE simulations show that in southward IMF (S-IMF) cases, the
dawn-dusk electric potential drop at the equator is about 14% of the
cross polar cap potential difference. The dawn-dusk potential drop at
the equator varies instantaneously with the changes in the IMF Bz or
interplanetary electric field, which in turn alters the vertical ion
drift. The daytime changes of the equatorial vertical ion drift in
response to the penetrating electric field related to the IMF Bz are
only half of that during the nighttime, due mostly to the E-region
dynamo. MAGE simulation shows pre-reversal enhancement (PRE) during
southward IMF cases, but the PRE was absent in the ICON IVM
observations. Further observations and modeling are needed to resolve
this discrepancy.